威达铅酸蓄电池的工作原理

工作原理：

铅酸蓄电池'>蓄电池的工作原理'>工作原理：

1、铅酸蓄电池'>蓄电池电动势的产生：

●铅酸蓄电池充电后，正极板是二氧化铅（PbO2），在硫酸溶液中水分子的作用下，少量二氧化铅与水天生可离解的不稳定物质—氢氧化铅（Pb（OH）4），氢氧根离子在溶液中，铅离子（Pb）留在正极板上，故正极板上缺少电子。.

●铅酸蓄电池充电后，负极板是铅（Pb），与电解液中的硫酸（H2SO4）发生反应，变成铅离子（Pb 2），铅离子转移到

电解液中，负极板上留下多余

的两个电子（2e）。

●可见，在未接通外电路时（电池

开路），由于化学作用，正极板

上缺少电子，福极板上多余电子，

如右图所示，两极板见就产生了

一定的电位差，这就是电池的电

动势。

2、铅酸蓄电池放电过程的电化反应

●铅酸蓄电池放电时，在蓄电池的电位差作用下，负极板上的电子经负载进进正极板形成电流I。同时在电池内部进行化学反应。

●负极板上每个铅原子放出两个电子后，天生的铅离子（Pb 2）与电解液中的硫酸根离子（SO4ֿ2）反应，在极板上天生难溶的硫酸铅（PbSO4）。

●正极板的铅离子（Pb 4）得到来自负极的两个电子（2e）后，变成二价铅离子（Pb 2）与电解液中的硫酸根离子（SO4ֿ2）反应，在极板上天生难溶的硫酸铅（PbSO4）。正极板水解出的氧离子（Oֿ2）与电解液中的氢离子（H ）反应，天生稳定物质水.

●电解液中存在的硫酸根离子和氢离子在电力场的作用下分别移向电池的正负极，在电池内部形成电流，整个回路形成，蓄电池向外持续放电。

●放电时H2SO4浓度不断下降，正负极上的硫酸铅（PbSO4）增加，电池内阻增大（硫酸铅不导电），电解液浓度下降，电池电动势降低。

●化学反应式为：

正极活性物质电解液负极活性物质正极天生物电解液天生物负极天生物

↓↓↓↓↓↓

PbO2 2H2SO4 Pb→PbSO4 2H2O PbSO4

氧化铅稀硫酸铅硫酸铅水硫酸铅

3、铅酸蓄电池充电过程的电化反应

●充电时，应在外接一直流电源（充电极或整流器），使正、负极板在放电后天生的物质恢复成原来的活性物质，并把外界的电能转变为化学能储存起来。

●在正极板上，在外界电流的作用下，硫酸铅被离解为二价铅离子（Pb 2）和硫酸根负离子(SO4-2)由于外电源不断从正极吸取电子，则正极板四周游离的二价铅离子（Pb 2）不断放出两个电子来补充，变成四价铅离子（Pb 4），并与水继续反应，***在正极极板上天生二氧化铅（PbO2）。

●在负极板上，在外界电流的作用下，硫酸铅被离解为二价铅离子（Pb 2）和硫酸根负离子（SO4‾2），由于负极不断从外电源获得电子，则负极板四周游离的二价铅离子（Pb 2）被中和为铅（Pb），并以绒状铅附在负极板上。

●电解液中，正极不断产生游离的氢离子（H ）和硫酸根离子（SO4‾2），负极不断产生硫酸根离子（SO4‾2），在电场的作用下，氢离子向负极移动，硫酸根离子向正极移动，形成电流。

●充电后期，在外电流的作用下，溶液中还会发生水的电解反应。

●化学反应式为：

正极物质电解液负极物质正极天生物电解液天生物负极天生物

PbSO4 2H2O PbSO4→PbO2 2H2SO4 Pb

硫酸铅水硫酸铅氧化铅硫酸铅

4、铅酸蓄电池充放电后电解液的变化

●从上面可以看出，铅蓄电池放电时,电解液中的硫酸不断减少,水逐渐增多,溶液比重下降.

●从上面可以看出,铅酸蓄电池充电时,电解液中的硫酸不断增多,水逐渐减少,溶液比重上升.

●实际工作中,可以根据电解液比重的变化来判定铅酸蓄电池的充电程度.。

How it works:

Lead-acid battery '> Working principle of battery '> Working principle:

1, lead-acid battery '> battery electromotive force generation:

● After the lead-acid battery is charged, the positive plate is lead dioxide (PbO2), under the action of water molecules in sulfuric acid solution, a small amount of lead dioxide and water naturally dissociable unstable material - lead hydroxide (Pb (OH) 4), hydroxide ions in the solution, lead ions (Pb) remain on the positive plate, so the positive plate lacks electrons. .

After the lead-acid battery is charged, the negative plate is lead (Pb), which reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the electrolyte to become lead ion (Pb 2), and the lead ion is transferred to

In the electrolyte, excess is left on the negative plate

Two electrons (2e).

● It can be seen that when the external circuit is not connected (battery

Open circuit), due to chemical action, positive plate

Missing electrons, excess electrons on the plate,

As shown in the picture on the right, two polar plates are produced

A certain potential difference, that's the battery's electricity

The kinetic force.

2. Electrochemical reaction of lead-acid battery discharge process

● When the lead-acid battery is discharged, under the potential difference of the battery, the electrons on the negative plate enter the positive plate through the load to form a current I. At the same time, chemical reactions take place inside the battery.

After each lead atom on the negative plate emits two electrons, the natural lead ion (Pb 2) reacts with the sulfate ion (SO4ֿ2) in the electrolyte, and the natural insoluble lead sulfate (PbSO4) on the plate.

The lead ion (Pb 4) of the positive plate gets two electrons (2e) from the negative electrode, which becomes the divalent lead ion (Pb 2) and the sulfate ion (SO4ֿ2) in the electrolyte reaction, which is naturally insoluble lead sulfate (PbSO4) on the plate. The oxygen ion (Oֿ2) hydrolyzed from the positive plate reacts with the hydrogen ion (H) in the electrolyte to naturally stabilize the material water.

The sulfate ions and hydrogen ions present in the electrolyte move to the positive and negative terminals of the battery respectively under the action of the power field, forming a current inside the battery, the entire loop is formed, and the battery continues to discharge outwards.

When discharging, the concentration of H2SO4 continues to decrease, the lead sulfate (PbSO4) on the positive and negative electrodes increases, the internal resistance of the battery increases (lead sulfate is not conductive), the electrolyte concentration decreases, and the electromotive force of the battery decreases.

● Chemical reaction formula:

Positive active material electrolyte Negative active material positive biological electrolyte biological negative biological electrode

Left left left left left left down down down down down

PbO2 2H2SO4 Pb→PbSO4 2H2O PbSO4

Lead oxide dilute lead sulfate Lead sulfate water lead sulfate

3. Electrochemical reaction of lead-acid battery charging process

● When charging, should be connected to the external constant current power supply (charging pole or rectifier), so that the positive and negative plate in the discharge after the natural substance to restore to the original active substance, and the external electrical energy into chemical energy storage.

● On the positive plate, under the action of external current, lead sulfate is dissociated into bivalent lead ions (Pb 2) and sulfate negative ions (SO4-2) because the external power supply continues to absorb electrons from the positive electrode, the free bivalent lead ions (Pb 2) around the positive plate continue to release two electrons to supplement, become tetravalent lead ions (Pb 4), and continue to react with water. *** Natural lead dioxide (PbO2) on the positive plate.

● On the negative plate, under the action of external current, lead sulfate is dissociated into bivalent lead ion (Pb 2) and sulfate negative ion (SO4 constantly obtain electrons from the external power supply, then the free bivalent lead ion (Pb 2) around the negative plate is neutralized into lead (Pb), and attached to the negative plate with velvet lead.

● In the electrolyte, the positive electrode constantly produces free hydrogen ions (H) and sulfate ions (SO4 keeping 2), the negative electrode constantly produces sulfate ions (SO4 keeping 2), under the action of the electric field, hydrogen ions move to the negative electrode, sulfate ions move to the positive electrode, forming a current.

● At the later stage of charging, electrolytic reaction of water will occur in the solution under the action of external current.

● Chemical reaction formula:

Positive material electrolyte Negative material positive biological electrolyte biological negative biological

PbSO4 2H2O PbSO4→PbO2 2H2SO4 Pb

Lead sulfate water lead sulfate Lead oxide lead sulfate

4. Change of electrolyte after charging and discharging of lead-acid battery

As can be seen from the above, when the lead battery is discharged, the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte continues to decrease, the water gradually increases, and the specific gravity of the solution decreases.

As can be seen from the above, when the lead-acid battery is charged, the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte continues to increase, the water gradually decreases, and the specific gravity of the solution rises.

● In actual work, the degree of charging of the lead-acid battery can be determined according to the change in the specific gravity of the electrolyte.