威达蓄电池介绍

介绍：

   威达蓄电池是电池中的一种，它的作用是能把有限的电能储存起来，在合适的地方使用。它的工作原理就是把化学能转化为电能。

它用填满海绵状铅的铅板作负极，填满二氧化铅的铅板作正极，并用22～28％的稀硫酸作电解质。在充电时，电能转化为化学能，放电时化学能又转化为电能。电池在放电时，金属铅是负极，发生氧化反应，被氧化为硫酸铅；二氧化铅是正极，发生还原反应，被还原为硫酸铅。电池在用直流电充电时，两极分别生成铅和二氧化铅。移去电源后，它又恢复到放电前的状态，组成化学电池。铅蓄电池是能反复充电、放电的电池，叫做二次电池。它的电压是2V，通常把三个铅蓄电池串联起来使用，电压是6V。汽车上用的是6个铅蓄电池串联成12V的电池组。铅蓄电池在使用一段时间后要补充硫酸，使电解质保持含有22～28％的稀硫酸。

放电时，电极反应为：PbO2 + 4H+ + SO42- + 2e- = PbSO4 + 2H2O 

负极反应：Pb + SO42- - 2e- = PbSO4 

总反应： PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 === 2PbSO4 + 2H2O（向右反应是放电，向左反应是充电） 

威达蓄电池的应用十分广泛，可用于UPS，电动车，滑板车，汽车，风能太阳能系统，安全报警等等方面。

铅酸蓄电池产品主要有下列几种，其用途分布如下： 

起动型蓄电池：主要用于汽车、摩托车、拖拉机、柴油机等起动和照明； 

固定型蓄电池：主要用于通讯、发电厂、计算机系统作为保护、自动控制的备用电源； 

牵引型蓄电池：主要用于各种蓄电池车、叉车、铲车等动力电源； 

铁路用蓄电池：主要用于铁路内燃机车、电力机车、客车起动、照明之动力； 

储能用蓄电池：主要用于风力、太阳能等发电用电能储存； 

威达蓄电池-原理 

威达蓄电池的原理是通过将化学能和直流电能相互转化，在放电后经充电后能复原，从而达到重复使用效果。

威达蓄电池-主要成份 

威达蓄电池 

构成铅蓄电池之主要成份如下：  

阳极板(过氧化铅.PbO2)---> 活性物质

阴极板(海绵状铅.Pb) ---> 活性物质

电解液(稀硫酸) ---> 硫酸(H2SO4) +水(H2O)

电池外壳 

隔离板 

其它(液口栓.盖子等) 

蓄电池-蓄电池的容量 

汽车蓄电池 

电动车用蓄电池的容量以下列条件表示之： 

◎电解液比值      1.280/20℃ 

◎ 放电电流       5小时的电流 

◎ 放电终止电压     1.70V/Cell 

◎ 放电中的电解液温度  30±2℃ 

1.放电中电压下降 放电中端子电压比放电前之无负载电压（开路电压）低，理由如下： 

(1)V=E-I.R 

V：端子电压(V)   I：放电电流(A) 

E：开路电压(V)   R：内部阻抗(Ω) 

(2)放电时，电解液比重下降，电压也降低。 

(3)放电时，电池内部阻抗即随之增强，完全充电时若为1倍，则当完全放电时，即会增强2～3倍。 

用于起重时之电瓶电压之所以比用于行走时的电压低，乃是由于起重用之油压马达比行走用之驱动马达功率大，因此放电流大，则上式的I.R亦变大。 

2.蓄电池之容量表示 

在容量试验中，放电率与容量的关系如下： 

5HR....1.7V/cell 

3HR....1.65V/cell 

1HR....1.55V/cell 

严禁到达上述电压时还继续继续放电，放电愈深，电瓶内温会升高，则活性物质劣化愈严重，进而缩短蓄电池寿命。 

因此，堆高机无负重扬升时的电池电压若已达1.75v/cell(24cell的42v,12cell的21v)，则应停止使用，马上充电。 

3.蓄电池温度与容量 

当蓄电池温度降低，则其容量亦会因以下理由而显著减少。 

(A)电解液不易扩散，两极活性物质的化学反应速率变慢。 

(B)电解液之阻抗增加，电瓶电压下降，蓄电池的5HR容量会随蓄电池温度下降而减少。 

因此: 

(1)冬季比夏季的使用时间短。 

(2)特别是使用于冷冻库的蓄电池由于放电量大，而使***的实际使用时间显著减短。 

若欲延长使用时间，则在冬季或是进入冷冻库前，应先提高其温度。 

4.放电量与寿命 

每日反复充放电以供使用时，则电池寿命将会因放电量的深浅，而受到影响。 

5.放电量与比重 

蓄电池之电解液比重几乎与放电量成比例。因此，根据蓄电池完全放电时的比重及10%放电时的比重，即可推算出蓄电池的放电量。 

测定铅蓄电池之电解液比重为得知放电量的更佳方式。因此，定期性的测定使用后的比重，以避免过度放电，测比重的同时，亦侧电解液的温度，以20度C所换算出的比重，切勿使其降到80%放电量的数值以下。 

6.放电状态与内部阻抗 

内部阻抗会因放电量增加而加大，尤其放电终点时，阻抗更大，主因为放电的进行使得极板内产生电流的不良导体─硫酸铅及电解液比重的下降，都导致内部阻抗增强，故放电后，务必马上充电，若任其持续放电状态，则硫酸铅形成安定的白色结晶后（此即文献上所说的硫化现象），即使充电，极板的活性物资亦无法恢复原状，而将缩短电瓶的使用年限。 

★白色硫酸铅化 

蓄电池放电，则阴、阳极板同时产生硫酸铅（PbS04），若任其持续放电，不予充电，则最后会形成安定的白色硫酸铅结晶（即使再充电，亦难再恢复原来的活性物质）此状态称为白色硫化现象。 

7.放电中的温度 

当电池过度放电，内部阻抗即显著增加，因此蓄电池温度也会上升。放电时的温度高，会提高充电完成时温度，因此，将放电终了时的温度控制在40℃以下为最理想。 

蓄电池-充电的管理 

Description:

Viada battery is a kind of battery, its role is to store the limited electric energy and use it in the right place. It works by converting chemical energy into electricity.

It uses a lead plate filled with spongy lead as a negative electrode, a lead plate filled with lead dioxide as a positive electrode, and 22 ~ 28% dilute sulfuric acid as an electrolyte. When charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and when discharging, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. When the battery is discharged, the metal lead is the negative electrode, which occurs oxidation reaction and is oxidized to lead sulfate. Lead dioxide is the positive electrode, which undergoes a reduction reaction and is reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery is charged with direct current, lead and lead dioxide are formed at the poles, respectively. After removing the power supply, it returns to the state before discharge and forms a chemical battery. Lead batteries are batteries that can be recharged and discharged repeatedly, which are called secondary batteries. Its voltage is 2V, usually three lead batteries are used in series, the voltage is 6V. The car uses six lead-acid batteries in series to form a 12V battery pack. Lead batteries should be supplemented with sulfuric acid after use for a period of time to keep the electrolyte containing 22 to 28% dilute sulfuric acid.

When discharged, the electrode reaction is PbO2 + 4H+ + SO42- + 2e- = PbSO4 + 2H2O

Negative reaction: Pb + SO42- - 2e- = PbSO4

Total reaction: PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 === 2PbSO4 + 2H2O (right reaction is discharge, left reaction is charge)

The application of Viada battery is very wide, can be used in UPS, electric vehicles, scooters, automobiles, wind energy solar system, security alarm and so on.

Lead-acid battery products mainly have the following types, and their uses are distributed as follows:

Starting battery: mainly used for cars, motorcycles, tractors, diesel engines and other starting and lighting;

Fixed battery: mainly used in communication, power plants, computer systems as protection, automatic control backup power supply;

Traction battery: mainly used in various battery cars, forklifts, forklifts and other power supply;

Railway battery: mainly used for railway diesel locomotive, electric locomotive, passenger car starting, lighting power;

Storage battery: mainly used for wind, solar power and other power generation energy storage;

Viada Battery - Principle

The principle of the battery is to convert chemical energy and direct current energy into each other, and can be recovered after discharge and charging, so as to achieve the effect of reuse.

Vida Battery - Main ingredients

Vitech cell

The main components of a lead battery are as follows:

Anode plate (lead peroxide. PbO2)-- > Active substance

Cathode plate (spongy lead. Pb) --> Active substance

Electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid) --> Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) + Water (H2O)

Battery case

Isolating plate

Others (faucet, cap, etc.)

Battery - The capacity of the battery

Car battery

The capacity of the battery for electric vehicles is expressed in the following conditions:

◎ Electrolyte ratio 1.280/20℃

◎ Discharge current 5 hours of current

◎ Discharge termination voltage 1.70V/Cell

◎ Discharge electrolyte temperature 30±2℃

1. Voltage drop during discharge The terminal voltage in discharge is lower than the non-load voltage (open circuit voltage) before discharge, for the following reasons:

(1)V=E-I.R

V: Terminal voltage (V) I: discharge current (A)

E: open circuit voltage (V) R: internal impedance (Ω)

(2) When discharging, the specific gravity of the electrolyte decreases, and the voltage also decreases.

(3) When discharging, the internal impedance of the battery is enhanced, if it is 1 times when fully charged, it will be enhanced by 2 to 3 times when fully discharged.

The reason why the battery voltage used for lifting is lower than the voltage used for walking is that the reused hydraulic motor is larger than the driving motor used for walking, so the discharge current is larger, and the I.R of the above type is also larger.

2. Capacity of the battery

In the capacity test, the relationship between discharge rate and capacity is as follows:

5HR.... 1.7 V/cell

3HR.... 1.65 V/cell

1HR.... 1.55 V/cell

It is strictly prohibited to continue to discharge when the above voltage is reached, the deeper the discharge, the internal temperature of the battery will rise, the more serious the deterioration of the active substance, and then shorten the life of the battery.

Therefore, if the battery voltage of the stacker without load lifting has reached 1.75v/cell(42v of 24cell, 21v of 12cell), it should be stopped and charged immediately.

3. Battery temperature and capacity

When the temperature of the battery is lowered, its capacity will also be significantly reduced for the following reasons.

(A) The electrolyte is not easily diffused, and the chemical reaction rate of the active substance at the two poles is slower.

(B) The impedance of the electrolyte increases, the battery voltage decreases, and the 5HR capacity of the battery decreases with the temperature of the battery.

As a result:

(1) The use time is shorter in winter than in summer.

(2) In particular, due to the large discharge of the battery used in the freezer, the actual use time of the battery is significantly shortened.

If you want to extend the use time, the temperature should be increased in winter or before entering the freezer.

4. Discharge capacity and life

When repeated daily charging and discharging for use, the battery life will be affected by the depth of discharge.

5. Discharge quantity and specific gravity

The specific gravity of the electrolyte in a battery is almost proportional to the discharge. Therefore, according to the proportion of the battery when the battery is fully discharged and the proportion of 10% discharge, the discharge amount of the battery can be calculated.

Measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte of a lead battery is a better way to know the discharge. Therefore, periodically determine the specific gravity after use to avoid excessive discharge, while measuring the specific gravity, also the temperature of the electrolyte, the specific gravity converted by 20 degrees C, do not reduce it to 80% of the discharge value below.

6. Discharge status and internal impedance

The internal impedance will increase due to the increase in discharge, especially at the end of the discharge, the impedance is larger, mainly because the discharge makes the bad conductor of the current in the plate - lead sulfate and the decrease in the proportion of the electrolyte, resulting in enhanced internal impedance, so after discharge, be sure to charge immediately, if it continues to discharge, After the lead sulfate forms a stable white crystal (this is the vulcanization phenomenon described in the literature), even if charged, the active material of the plate can not be restored to its original state, and the service life of the battery will be shortened.

★ White lead sulfate

When the battery is discharged, the negative and positive plates simultaneously produce lead sulfate (PbS04), if it is allowed to discharge continuously without charging, it will eventually form a stable white lead sulfate crystal (even if it is recharged, it is difficult to restore the original active substance).

7. Temperature in discharge

When the battery is discharged excessively, the internal impedance increases significantly, so the battery temperature also rises. The high temperature during discharge will increase the temperature at the completion of charging, so it is ideal to control the temperature at the end of discharge below 40 ° C.

Battery - Charge management