PCI-1408 智能通讯卡  调制解调器或其它设备之间的通讯

PCI-1408是一款8端口RS-232或RS-422智能通讯卡，它主要用于PC与终端、调制解调器或其它设备之间的通讯。该通讯卡集成了RISC处理器，能够接管主机PC的处理负载，在处理来自多个端口的大量数据时，仅处理中断服务就会消耗CPU的大部分性能，而PCI-1408可用作一个高速专用的中断处理器，确保8个端口具有921.6Kbps的高通讯速度。

智能通讯卡也叫IC卡，是一个带有微处理器和存储器等微型集成电路芯片的、具有标准规格的卡片。PCI-1408智能卡必须遵循一套标准，ISO7816是其中最重要的一个。ISO7816标准规定了智能卡的外形、厚度、触点位置、电信号、协议等。智能卡根据装载芯片类型的不同、信息通讯方式的不同，又可以分为存储式卡片和微处理器卡片以及接触式卡片、非接触式卡片和双界面卡片。

PCI-1408微处理器是由一片或少数几片大规模集成电路组成的中央处理器。这些电路执行控制部件和算术逻辑部件的功能。微处理器能完成取指令、执行指令，以及与外界存储器和逻辑部件交换信息等操作，是微型计算机的运算控制部分。它可与存储器和外围电路芯片组成微型计算机。

微处理器（µP）和微控制器（µC）区别如下：

包含内容不同。PCI-1408微处理器只包含处理单元，而微控制器不仅包含处理单元，还包含少量的内存（ROM、RAM等）、用于外围设备的I/O端口、计时器等。

用法不同。PCI-1408使用微处理器时，需要额外的硬件芯片，例如内存（RAM）、外围板、系统总线等，而微控制器可以直接使用。

用途不同。PCI-1408微处理器功能强大且复杂，通常用于通用计算，而微控制器通常是为嵌入式系统使用而构建的，可以称为SoC（片上系统）。

PCI-1408 智能通讯卡  调制解调器或其它设备之间的通讯

PCI-1408 is an 8-port RS-232 or RS-422 intelligent communication card, which is mainly used for communication between a PC and a terminal, modem or other device. The communication card integrates a RISC processor that can take over the processing load of the host PC, and when processing large amounts of data from multiple ports, processing interrupt services alone consumes most of the CPU's performance, while the PCI-1408 can be used as a high-speed dedicated interrupt processor, ensuring a high communication speed of 921.6Kbps across eight ports.

An intelligent communication card, also known as an IC card, is a standard card with a microprocessor and memory and other miniature integrated circuit chips. PCI-1408 smart cards must comply with a set of standards, of which ISO7816 is the most important. The ISO7816 standard specifies the shape, thickness, contact position, electrical signal, protocol, etc., of the smart card. Smart cards can be divided into storage cards and microprocessor cards, contact cards, contactless cards and dual interface cards according to different types of loaded chips and different information communication methods.

The PCI-1408 microprocessor is a central processing unit composed of one or a few large scale integrated circuits. These circuits perform the functions of the control and arithmetic logic components. The microprocessor can complete the operation of obtaining instructions, executing instructions, and exchanging information with external memory and logic components, and is the computing control part of the microcomputer. It can be combined with memory and peripheral circuit chips to form a microcomputer.

The difference between a microprocessor (µP) and a microcontroller (µC) is as follows:

The contents are different. The PCI-1408 microprocessor contains only the processing unit, while the microcontroller contains not only the processing unit, but also a small amount of memory (ROM, RAM, etc.), I/O ports for peripherals, timers, etc.

Usage is different. When the PCI-1408 uses a microprocessor, additional hardware chips are required, such as memory (RAM), peripheral boards, system buses, etc., while the microcontroller can be used directly.

Different uses. PCI-1408 microprocessors are powerful and complex and are often used for general-purpose computing, while microcontrollers are often built for embedded system use and can be called SoC (system-on-chip).